/* ============================================================
   LuMin Group — Premium Academic Theme
   Glass morphism · Phosphor icons · Google Fonts · Magic UI inspired
   ============================================================ */

/* ===== Google Fonts ===== */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300;400;500;600;700;1,9..40,400&family=Fraunces:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..144,400;500;600;700;1,9..144,400;500&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');

/* ===== CSS Variables ===== */
:root {
  --primary: #0a1e3d;
  --primary-50: #f0f4f8;
  --primary-100: #e1e8f0;
  --primary-200: #c3d1e0;
  --primary-300: #9bb2cc;
  --primary-400: #6b8db5;
  --primary-500: #4a6d99;
  --primary-600: #355380;
  --primary-700: #2a4268;
  --primary-800: #1a3050;
  --primary-900: #0a1e3d;
  --accent: #0a3d8f;
  --accent-light: #2563b0;
  --accent-dark: #062a66;
  --accent-glow: rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.1);
  --warm: #c41230;
  --warm-light: #e02040;
  --teal: #0d9488;
  --teal-light: #5eead4;
  --rose: #c41230;
  --amber: #d97706;
  --text: #1a1a2e;
  --text-secondary: #3d3d5c;
  --text-muted: #7a7a96;
  --bg: #f5f7fa;
  --bg-card: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  --bg-glass: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  --bg-section: #edf0f5;
  --border: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.04), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05), 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.06), 0 20px 40px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  --shadow-xl: 0 20px 50px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08), 0 30px 60px -15px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  --shadow-glow: 0 0 40px rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.12);
  --shadow-card: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04), 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.06), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
  --shadow-card-hover: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06), 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 0 0 1px rgba(10,61,143,0.08);
  --font-sans: 'DM Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Fraunces', 'Georgia', 'Songti SC', serif;
  --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Fira Code', monospace;
  --max-width: 1140px;
  --header-h: 80px;
  --radius: 12px;
  --radius-sm: 8px;
  --radius-lg: 16px;
  --radius-xl: 24px;
  --transition: 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --transition-slow: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

@view-transition {
  navigation: auto;
}

@supports (view-transition-name: none) {
  .header {
    view-transition-name: site-header;
  }

  ::view-transition-old(site-header),
  ::view-transition-new(site-header) {
    animation-duration: 0.16s;
    animation-timing-function: ease;
  }

  ::view-transition-old(root),
  ::view-transition-new(root) {
    animation-duration: 0.18s;
    animation-timing-function: ease;
  }
}

/* ===== Reset ===== */
*, *::before, *::after { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 17.5px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
  line-height: 1.72;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-dark); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
ul, ol { list-style: none; }
.container { width: 100%; max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 28px; }
.header-top .container,
.header-nav .container,
.header .header-container { max-width: 1200px; padding: 0 32px; margin: 0 auto; }

/* ===== Subtle noise overlay ===== */
body::before {
  content: '';
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 9999;
  opacity: 0.018;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 256 256' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.9' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

/* ===== Header ===== */
.header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
}
.header.scrolled {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
}
.header.scrolled .logo { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.header.scrolled .logo-img { height: 72px; }
.header.scrolled .nav a { padding: 10px 14px; }

/* Single-row header container */
.header-container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  height: var(--header-h);
  gap: 32px;
}
.logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.logo-img {
  height: 72px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.logo-text {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
}

/* Nav links: fill remaining space, align center-right */
.nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; flex: 1; justify-content: center; }
.nav a {
  color: var(--primary);
  padding: 10px 14px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  position: relative;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}
.nav a:hover { color: var(--accent); background: rgba(10,61,143,0.06); }
.nav a.active { color: var(--accent); background: rgba(10,61,143,0.08); }
.nav a.active::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 2px; left: 12px; right: 12px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.header-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 8px;
  z-index: 1001;
}
.menu-toggle span {
  width: 22px; height: 2px;
  background: var(--primary);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  border-radius: 1px;
}
.menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(1) { transform: rotate(45deg) translate(5px, 5px); }
.menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(5px, -5px); }

/* ===== Main ===== */
main { flex: 1; margin-top: var(--header-h); }

/* ===== Hero ===== */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  height: 580px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary);
}
.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 15% 40%, rgba(10,61,143,0.15) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 70% at 85% 25%, rgba(196,18,48,0.06) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 40% at 50% 90%, rgba(37,99,176,0.08) 0%, transparent 50%);
  animation: meshShift 16s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes meshShift {
  0%   { transform: scale(1) translate(0, 0); }
  50%  { transform: scale(1.05) translate(-2%, 3%); }
  100% { transform: scale(1) translate(2%, -2%); }
}
.hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 60px 60px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-slider { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.hero-slide {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 1.2s ease;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.hero-slide.has-bg::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,30,61,0.25) 0%, rgba(10,61,143,0.15) 50%, rgba(10,30,61,0.20) 100%);
  z-index: 1;
}
.hero-slide.active { opacity: 1; }
.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0 28px;
  max-width: 720px;
}
.hero-content h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.hero-content p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  opacity: 0.85;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  font-weight: 300;
  max-width: 560px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.hero-dots {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 36px; left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  z-index: 10;
}
.hero-dots .dot {
  width: 10px; height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
}
.hero-dots .dot.active {
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  transform: scale(1.25);
}

/* ===== Page Banner ===== */
.page-banner {
  position: relative;
  padding: 110px 0 76px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--primary);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.page-banner::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 50% at 30% 50%, rgba(10,61,143,0.35) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 60% at 80% 40%, rgba(196,18,48,0.12) 0%, transparent 50%);
}
.page-banner::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 60px 60px;
}
.page-banner h1 {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.page-banner p {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  opacity: 0.72;
  font-weight: 300;
}
.joinus-banner-text {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  margin: 16px auto 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
}
.joinus-banner-text .joinus-callout-highlight {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  background: none;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.joinus-banner-text .joinus-callout-text {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.joinus-banner-text .joinus-callout-cn {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.6;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-top: 8px;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}

/* ===== Section ===== */
.section { padding: 40px 0; }
.section-alt {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(237,240,245,0.8) 0%, rgba(245,247,250,0.9) 50%, rgba(237,240,245,0.8) 100%);
  position: relative;
}
.section-alt::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 50% at 20% 30%, rgba(10,61,143,0.03) 0%, transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 60% at 80% 70%, rgba(196,18,48,0.02) 0%, transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.section-title { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.section-title h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.section-title p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 300; }
.section-title .divider {
  width: 48px; height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
  margin: 18px auto 0;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ===== Glass Card Base ===== */
.glass-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.glass-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card-hover), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  border-color: rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.12);
}

/* ===== Research Preview (Home - Intro + Directions) ===== */
.research-hero-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, var(--accent-dark) 50%, var(--accent) 100%);
  color: #fff;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-top: 40px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.research-hero-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 60px 60px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-hero-section .section-title h2 { color: #fff; }
.research-hero-section .section-title p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); }
.research-hero-section .section-title .divider {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.6), var(--warm));
}
.research-intro {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 56px;
}
.research-intro-text {
  flex: 1;
}
.research-intro-text p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.95;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
}
.research-intro-img {
  flex: 0 0 320px;
}
.research-directions {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.research-dir-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 18px 16px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}
.research-dir-card:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.dir-dot {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--dir-color, var(--warm));
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px var(--dir-color, var(--warm));
}
.research-dir-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.research-dir-card p {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
}
.research-hero-section .view-all .btn-primary {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.research-hero-section .view-all .btn-primary:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}

/* ===== Research Cards (Home - legacy) ===== */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
  gap: 28px;
}
.research-card { border-radius: var(--radius-lg); overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.research-card .card-img-wrapper { overflow: hidden; border-radius: var(--radius-lg) var(--radius-lg) 0 0; }
.research-card .card-img {
  width: 100%; height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}
.research-card:hover .card-img { transform: scale(1.03); }
.research-card .card-body { padding: 26px; }
.research-card .card-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 44px; height: 44px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--accent-glow);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.research-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.research-card p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

/* ===== Research Detail ===== */
/* ===== Research Overview (research.html top section) ===== */
.research-overview {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, var(--accent-dark) 50%, var(--primary) 100%);
  padding: 80px 0 60px;
}
.research-overview-title {
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.research-overview-card {
  /* no card styling — content sits directly on blue bg */
  padding: 0;
}
.research-overview-body {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.research-overview-text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
.research-overview-text p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 2;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.88);
  text-align: justify;
}
.research-overview-img {
  flex: 0 0 420px;
}

/* ===== Research Blocks (zuogroup-style) ===== */
.research-block {
  margin-bottom: 80px;
}
.research-block:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.research-block-header {
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.research-block-header h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.research-block-header p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.9;
  max-width: 800px;
}
.research-block-img {
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}
.research-block-img img,
.research-block-img .img-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* ===== Research Blocks V2 (glass morphism premium) ===== */
.research-block-v2 {
  margin-bottom: 64px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(180%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(180%);
  border-radius: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  box-shadow:
    0 4px 24px var(--block-glow, rgba(10,61,143,0.06)),
    0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.04),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all var(--transition-slow);
}
.research-block-v2:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.research-block-v2:hover {
  box-shadow:
    0 8px 40px var(--block-glow, rgba(10,61,143,0.1)),
    0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}
.research-block-v2-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 18px 36px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--block-accent) 0%, var(--block-accent-end) 100%);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.research-block-v2-bar::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 120% at 10% 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.12) 0%, transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 40% 80% at 90% 20%, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 0%, transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-block-v2-bar::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.3), rgba(255,255,255,0.08), rgba(255,255,255,0.3));
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-block-v2-bar .bar-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 38px; height: 38px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.research-block-v2:hover .bar-icon {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}
.research-block-v2-bar h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: 0.015em;
  margin: 0;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.research-block-v2-body {
  padding: 36px 36px 40px;
  position: relative;
}
.research-block-v2-body::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 36px; right: 36px;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(148,163,184,0.15), transparent);
}
.research-block-v2-desc {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.95;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  max-width: 820px;
}
.research-block-v2-img {
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148,163,184,0.15);
  position: relative;
}
.research-block-v2-img::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-block-v2-img img,
.research-block-v2-img .img-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* ===== Publications Preview (Home - 3-col card grid) ===== */
.pub-preview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}
.pub-preview-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-preview-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}
.pub-preview-cover {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-100);
}
.pub-preview-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}
.pub-preview-card:hover .pub-preview-cover img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}
.pub-preview-body {
  padding: 20px 22px 16px;
  flex: 1;
}
.pub-preview-journal {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.pub-preview-journal strong {
  color: var(--primary);
}
.pub-preview-title {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.pub-preview-btn {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light));
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-preview-btn:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-dark), var(--accent));
}

/* ===== Publications ===== */
.pub-layout {
  display: flex;
  gap: 40px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.pub-sidebar {
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--header-h) + 24px);
  width: 180px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 16px;
}
.pub-sidebar h4 {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.pub-year-filter {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.pub-year-filter li {
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.pub-year-filter li:hover {
  background: rgba(10,61,143,0.06);
  color: var(--primary);
}
.pub-year-filter li.active {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
.pub-year-filter li.active .pub-count {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
  color: #fff;
}
.pub-count {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.pub-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .pub-layout { flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
  .pub-sidebar { position: static; width: 100%; }
  .pub-year-filter { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
  .pub-year-filter li { padding: 6px 12px; }
}

.pub-year-section { margin-bottom: 52px; }
.pub-year-section h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
}
.pub-year-section h3::after {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: 60px; height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), transparent);
  border-radius: 1px;
}
.pub-item {
  display: flex; gap: 22px;
  padding: 22px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  position: relative;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-item:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
}
.pub-item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 3px; height: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: height var(--transition);
}
.pub-item:hover::before { height: 60%; }
.pub-item .pub-cover {
  flex: 0 0 90px; height: 120px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-100);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}
.pub-item .pub-cover img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.pub-item .pub-cover .placeholder { font-size: 1.8rem; }
.pub-item .pub-info { flex: 1; }
.pub-item .pub-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.pub-item .pub-title a { color: var(--primary); }
.pub-item .pub-title a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.pub-item .pub-authors { font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.pub-item .pub-journal {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

/* ===== Publication Items V2 (reference-style with TOC image) ===== */
.pub-item-v2 {
  padding: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  position: relative;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-item-v2:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card-hover), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.pub-item-v2-top {
  display: flex;
  gap: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.pub-cover-v2 {
  flex: 0 0 120px;
  height: 160px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-100);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}
.pub-cover-v2 img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.pub-cover-v2 .placeholder {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
.pub-info-v2 {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}
.pub-title-v2 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.pub-title-v2 a { color: var(--primary); }
.pub-title-v2 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.pub-authors-v2 {
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.pub-journal-v2 {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.pub-links-v2 {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
}
.pub-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--accent-glow);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.pub-link:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
.pub-toc-v2 {
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  background: #fafbfc;
}
.pub-toc-v2 img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}
.pub-toc-v2 .img-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fb 0%, #f0f2f5 100%);
}

/* ===== Profile (About) ===== */
/* ===== About Page (reference-style) ===== */
.about-hero {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.about-hero-info {
  flex: 1;
}
.about-hero-info h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.about-hero-info .affiliation {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.about-contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}
.about-contact li {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.about-contact li strong {
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-right: 8px;
}
.about-hero-photo {
  flex: 0 0 300px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}
.about-hero-photo img,
.about-hero-photo .img-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 340px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* Accent divider bar */
.about-divider {
  height: 6px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light), var(--warm));
}

/* CV two-column layout */
.cv-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
}
.cv-col h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.cv-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.cv-year {
  flex: 0 0 110px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.cv-desc {
  flex: 1;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

/* Awards */
.awards-block h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.awards-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}
.award-item {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.award-year {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-right: 12px;
}

/* About list for research interests / services */
.about-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}
.about-list li {
  padding-left: 20px;
  position: relative;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.about-list li::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 11px;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
  border-radius: 50%;
}

/* ===== Members ===== */
/* Members Hero (full-width group photo) */
.members-hero {
  position: relative;
  margin-top: var(--header-h);
}
.members-hero-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 520px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.members-hero-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 30%;
}
.members-hero-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 14px 48px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,61,143,0.9) 0%, rgba(37,99,176,0.92) 100%);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}
.members-hero-nav a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 6px 16px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.members-hero-nav a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.members-hero + .section {
  margin-top: 0;
}
/* When members-hero is the first child of main, remove main's top margin */
main:has(> .members-hero:first-child) {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.members-category { margin-bottom: 56px; }
.members-category h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
}
.members-category h3 i { color: var(--accent); font-size: 1.2rem; }
.members-category h3 .line {
  flex: 1; height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--border), transparent);
}
.members-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(190px, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
}
.member-card {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 16px 10px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.member-card:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.member-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -1px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, transparent, transparent);
  -webkit-mask: linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box, linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
  -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
  mask-composite: exclude;
  transition: background var(--transition-slow);
}
.member-card:hover::before {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-light), var(--warm));
}
.member-card .avatar {
  width: 160px; height: 200px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin: 0 auto 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-100), var(--primary-200));
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}
.member-card .avatar img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.member-card .avatar .initials {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-400);
}
.member-card .name { font-size: 1.0rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 0px; }
.member-card .role { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 0px; }

/* ===== Member Detail Page ===== */
.member-detail { padding: 20px 0; }
.md-profile {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.md-sidebar {
  width: 260px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-align: center;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 36px 24px;
}
.md-avatar {
  width: 180px;
  height: 240px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-100), var(--primary-200));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}
.md-avatar img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.md-initials {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-400);
}
.md-name {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.md-role {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.md-category {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.md-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 16px;
}
.md-links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: rgba(10,61,143,0.06);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.md-links a:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
.md-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
.md-section {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 28px 32px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.md-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.md-text {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.md-empty {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  padding: 40px 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .md-profile { flex-direction: column; gap: 24px; }
  .md-sidebar { width: 100%; }
  .md-section { padding: 20px; }
}

/* ===== News Year Section ===== */
.news-year-section { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.news-year-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
}
.news-year-heading::after {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: 60px; height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), transparent);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* ===== News Home Preview ===== */
/* Home Duo Layout (News + Research side by side) */
.home-duo {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
}
.home-duo-left {
  flex: 0 0 340px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.home-duo-right {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
.duo-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.duo-header h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
}
.more-link {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}
.more-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* News (left column) */
.news-home-layout {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}
.news-home-featured {
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.news-home-list {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}
.news-home-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: background var(--transition);
}
.news-home-item:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.news-home-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.news-home-item:hover { background: rgba(10,61,143,0.02); }
.news-home-date {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-align: center;
  min-width: 52px;
}
.news-home-date .day {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  line-height: 1;
}
.news-home-date .ym {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.news-home-title {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  padding-top: 4px;
}

/* Research Thumbnails (right column) */
.research-thumb-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
}
.research-thumb-card {
  display: block;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  transition: all var(--transition);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.research-thumb-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.research-thumb-img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-100);
}
.research-thumb-img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}
.research-thumb-card:hover .research-thumb-img img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}
.research-thumb-label {
  padding: 12px 14px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  min-height: 48px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

/* ===== News ===== */
.news-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 22px; }
.news-item {
  display: flex; gap: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.news-item:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}
.news-item .news-img {
  flex: 0 0 300px;
  min-height: 200px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-100);
}
.news-item .news-img img,
.news-item .news-img .img-placeholder {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}
.news-item:hover .news-img img,
.news-item:hover .news-img .img-placeholder { transform: scale(1.04); }
.news-item .news-body {
  flex: 1; padding: 28px 32px;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;
}
.news-item .news-date {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.news-item .news-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px; line-height: 1.5;
}
.news-item .news-excerpt {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.news-item .read-more {
  margin-top: 14px;
  font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
  transition: gap var(--transition);
}
.news-item .read-more:hover { gap: 8px; }

/* Home news cards */
.news-compact {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.news-compact .news-card { border-radius: var(--radius-lg); overflow: hidden; }
.news-compact .news-card .card-img-wrapper { overflow: hidden; }
.news-compact .news-card .card-img {
  width: 100%; height: 200px;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}
.news-compact .news-card:hover .card-img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.news-compact .news-card .card-body { padding: 22px 24px; }
.news-compact .news-card .news-date {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.news-compact .news-card h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.news-compact .news-card p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ===== Join Us ===== */
.joinus-content { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; }

/* Join Us Callout */
.joinus-callout {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0 0;
}
.joinus-callout-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  text-align: left;
}
.joinus-callout-highlight {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.joinus-callout-text {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.joinus-callout-cn {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Talk To Us */
.talk-to-us-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}
.talk-to-us-layout {
  display: flex;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.talk-to-us-info {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
}
.contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 16px;
}
.contact-item > i {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-top: 2px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.contact-item strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.contact-item p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
}
.talk-to-us-map {
  flex: 1 1 55%;
}
.map-3d-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 420px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}
.map-3d-container:hover {
  transform: none;
}
.map-3d-container iframe {
  display: block;
}
.map-3d-reflection {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -40px; left: 10%; right: 10%;
  height: 40px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.06), transparent);
  filter: blur(8px);
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
}
/* Map overlay info card */
.map-overlay-card {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 14px 18px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  max-width: 420px;
}
.map-overlay-icon {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.map-overlay-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.map-overlay-info strong {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.map-overlay-info span {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
.map-overlay-btn {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.map-overlay-btn:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
/* Pulsating marker */
.pulse-marker { background: none; border: none; }
.pulse-pin { position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; }
.pulse-core {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%; left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 14px; height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent, #e8491d);
  border: 3px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  z-index: 2;
}
.pulse-ring {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%; left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 14px; height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(232, 73, 29, 0.3);
  z-index: 1;
  animation: pulse-ring 2s ease-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse-ring {
  0% { width: 14px; height: 14px; opacity: 1; }
  100% { width: 60px; height: 60px; opacity: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .map-overlay-card { bottom: 10px; left: 10px; right: 10px; max-width: none; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; padding: 12px; }
  .map-overlay-info strong { white-space: normal; }
}

.position-card {
  padding: 30px 32px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.position-card:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
}
.position-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
  border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
}
.position-card .card-header {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.position-card .card-header i { font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--accent); }
.position-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.28rem; color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600;
}
.position-card > p { color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1rem; }
.position-card ul { margin-top: 12px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
.position-card ul li {
  padding-left: 22px; position: relative;
  color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 0.98rem;
}
.position-card ul li::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 4px; top: 10px;
  width: 5px; height: 5px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.contact-box {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
  padding: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 44px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.contact-box h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.contact-box p { color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.contact-box a { font-weight: 600; }

/* ===== Buttons ===== */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
  padding: 13px 30px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  border: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(99,102,241,0.25);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--accent-dark);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(99,102,241,0.35);
}
.btn-outline {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  color: #fff;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.btn-outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.16);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.view-all { text-align: center; margin-top: 44px; }

/* ===== Positions Preview (Home) ===== */
.positions-preview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.position-preview-card {
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.position-preview-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--warm));
}
.position-preview-card .card-icon {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  width: 44px; height: 44px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--accent-glow);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.position-preview-card h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 600;
}
.position-preview-card p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ===== Placeholder ===== */
.img-placeholder {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-100) 0%, var(--primary-200) 100%);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* ===== Footer ===== */
.footer {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  padding: 32px 0 20px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.footer::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--accent), var(--warm), transparent);
}
.footer-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.footer h4 {
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.footer p { font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.footer-links a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}
.footer-links a:hover { color: #fff; transform: translateX(3px); }
.footer-links a i { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  padding-top: 14px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* ===== Back to top ===== */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 32px; right: 32px;
  width: 44px; height: 44px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  z-index: 999;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.back-to-top.visible { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.back-to-top:hover {
  background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-glow);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

/* ===== Animations ===== */
.animate-in {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(24px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1), transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1);
}
.animate-in.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
.delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
.delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .logo { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .logo-img { height: 32px; }
  .menu-toggle { display: flex; }
  .nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--header-h); right: -100%;
    width: 280px;
    height: calc(100vh - var(--header-h));
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 24px 20px; gap: 4px;
    transition: right var(--transition);
    box-shadow: -8px 0 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    border-left: 1px solid var(--border);
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .nav.open { right: 0; }
  .nav a { width: 100%; padding: 12px 16px; color: var(--text); }
  .nav a.active { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-glow); }
  .hero { height: 520px; }
  .hero-content h1 { font-size: 2.4rem; }
  .hero-content p { font-size: 1.05rem; }
  .page-banner { padding: 80px 0 50px; }
  .page-banner h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; }
  .section { padding: 64px 0; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-intro { flex-direction: column; gap: 28px; }
  .research-intro-img { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .research-directions { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home-duo { flex-direction: column; gap: 40px; }
  .home-duo-left { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .home-duo-right { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .research-thumb-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .news-home-layout { flex-direction: column; }
  .news-home-featured { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .pub-preview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; max-width: 360px; margin: 0 auto; }
  .research-block-img .img-placeholder { height: 240px; }
  .research-block-v2-body { padding: 24px 20px 28px; }
  .research-block-v2-bar { padding: 14px 20px; }
  .research-block-v2-img .img-placeholder { height: 240px; }
  .research-overview-body { flex-direction: column; }
  .research-overview-img { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .about-hero { flex-direction: column; }
  .about-hero-photo { flex: none; width: 100%; max-width: 300px; margin: 0 auto; }
  .cv-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .members-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
  .members-hero-img { height: 300px; }
  .members-hero-nav { padding: 12px 20px; justify-content: center; }
  .members-hero-nav a { font-size: 0.78rem; padding: 6px 10px; }
  .news-item { flex-direction: column; }
  .news-item .news-img { flex: none; width: 100%; min-height: 180px; height: 180px; }
  .news-item .news-body { padding: 22px; }
  .news-compact { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .talk-to-us-layout { flex-direction: column; }
  .talk-to-us-map { flex: none; width: 100%; }
  .map-3d-container { transform: none; height: 280px; }
  .pub-item { flex-direction: column; }
  .pub-item .pub-cover { flex: none; width: 80px; height: 100px; }
  .pub-item-v2-top { flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
  .pub-cover-v2 { flex: none; width: 100px; height: 130px; }
  .pub-item-v2 { padding: 20px; }
  .pub-toc-v2 .img-placeholder { height: 140px; }
  .footer-content { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero { height: 420px; }
  .hero-content h1 { font-size: 1.85rem; }
  .container { padding: 0 18px; }
  .section-title h2 { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .members-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

/* ========= Language Toggle & i18n ========= */

/* Toggle button in header */
.lang-toggle {
  background: rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.12);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.25);
  color: var(--primary);
  padding: 6px 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.lang-toggle:hover {
  background: rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.2);
  border-color: rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(10, 61, 143, 0.15);
}

/* Show/hide toggle label based on current language */
html[lang="zh-CN"] .lang-toggle .lang-en { display: none; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .lang-toggle .lang-zh { display: inline; }
html[lang="en"] .lang-toggle .lang-zh { display: none; }
html[lang="en"] .lang-toggle .lang-en { display: inline; }

/* i18n text switching via JS — default state matches data attributes */

/* Mobile responsive for toggle */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .lang-toggle {
    padding: 5px 12px;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .lang-toggle {
    padding: 4px 10px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }
  .header-container { padding: 0 16px !important; gap: 12px; }
}